Sabtu, 02 Agustus 2014

useful answers by Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadlullah (ra)



Was Eve created from the rib of Adam?


Q: Based on the following Ayah: "That He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquility with them "(30:21) was Eve actually created from the rib of Adam?


A: This does not indicate that she was born from his rib; but rather, from the same source (clay), as mentioned in some narrations. Perhaps what is meant by the term "from among yourselves" is the species to which they belong; i.e. not belonging to the species of animals or jinns.



The Prayer of the sick


Q: Is praying not obligatory on sick people?


A: Prayers are obligatory even on sick people, whilst taking into consideration what might harm the patient. For example, if he cannot prostrate, then he can pray the way he can.



Every human being is pure


Q: Are the People of the Book or the atheists who do not believe in Allah deemed impure; i.e. does the wetness coming from any of them turn someone impure?


A: Every human being is pure, be he amongst the People of the Book or not. What is actually meant by the impurity of the atheist is the spiritual filthiness he embodies due to the lewdness of his belief, and not the materialistic impurity that transmits from one thing to another via wetness.



The purity of animal leather

Q: Is the leather imported from non-Muslim countries deemed pure? Should one wash his hand if he touches this leather with a wet hand?

A: If there was not a high possibility that the leather imported from non-Muslim countries is from animals slaughtered according to the Islamic Shariah, then it is subjected to the rulings of dead animals; i.e. it is impure, and one cannot pray whilst having it on. Moreover, anything wet that could transmit wetness becomes impure if it touches this leather. However, if it was most probably taken from animals slaughtered according to the Islamic Shariah, then it is deemed pure and it is permissible to pray whilst having it on.

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Q: Is it permissible to wear a pair of shoes made from the leather of an animal not slaughtered according to the Shariah?

A: Yes, it is permissible, although it might be impure.

God's ability of creation

Q: Is God capable of creating what is [logically] impossible for Him to create?

A: It is not that difficult. A man, once, asked Imam As-Sadiq (a.s.) if his God is capable of placing the entire world (meaning the universe) in an egg, without making the egg bigger in size and making the world smaller in size, and the Imam (a.s.) answered that indeed He is capable of doing so, but incapability here lies in the creature and not the Creator. What Imam As-Sadiq (a.s.) meant was that the common sense necessitates a state of proportionality between the size of the bowl and what could be placed in it; thus, since the egg is too small for the world to fit in, then the reason behind that is the small size of the egg and not the incapability of Allah, the Most High, of doing so.
Since Allah has power over all things, there is nothing He cannot create that could make us wonder if our Lord is capable of creating what is [logically] impossible for Him to create. There is no such thing as "impossible" for Allah. He can create and generate anything that could come to people's minds, as long as it is logic and rational, or else, is it acceptable to ask Allah, the Most High, if He is capable of making Himself perish?! In this case, the question in itself is illogical and irrational, as Divine Entity, by definition, does not perish. Actually, we, as humans, are only capable of doing rational and logical acts, regardless of the power and ability we possess. In other words, man is capable of drinking just as he is capable of not drinking, but he cannot do both actions at the same time; i.e. to drink and not to drink, not because he is incapable of doing that, but because the act itself is impossible, for nothing could happen and not happen in the same moment.

the concept of exaggeration

Q: What is the concept of exaggeration, especially that there is some sort of misunderstanding of certain concepts, and some consider that the Imams (a.s.) are capable of creating and providing sustenance?


A: Exaggeration refers to the state where people lift the state of humanity from the infallibles and attribute some characteristics to them, which belong neither to any form of miracles nor to certain honors Allah had privileged them with, especially when such act is taken too far by attributing Divine traits to them

Can dreams be interpreted?


Q: Do all our dreams have certain interpretations or they are merely reflections of the subconscious mind?

A: Most dreams are reflections of the subconscious mind, yet some of them might be true, but we do not possess the means to confirm that. Actually, interpreting dreams does not have fixed religious rules; but rather, it is a mere personal judgment by the one interpreting the dream.

The place of burial of Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.)

Q: There exist three narrations on the place of burial of Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.): Ash-Sham, Egypt, and Al-Madina, what is the reason behind the multiplicity of these narrations, and why is Ash-Sham the place where she was most likely buried, although it is difficult to believe that she had returned to it?

A: I, personally, do not encourage this kind of dispute. We are grateful to have the Maqam (shrine) anywhere, whether in Ash-Sham, Egypt, or Al-Madina…

When we visit [the shrine of] Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.), we ought to experience her wide horizons; thus, it would not matter whether she was buried in Ash-Sham, Egypt or Al-Madina. Actually, these shrines are places where people remember and mention the Household Members (a.s.), through which people open up to Islam. Thus, we disapprove of doubting where the Household Members (a.s.) were buried.The aim behind the visit (Ziyarah) to the shrine of Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.) is not to sit and kiss the shrine; but rather, it is to picture Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.), and depict her greatness, heroism, and piety, as well as the elevated status she enjoyed and the courageous and bold stands she took for the sake of [establishing] the right and justice. This is what we ought to inspire from our visits to the shrines, so that they would not be mere traditions and customs. When we visit Sayyeda Zeinab (a.s.), we ought to look up to her mind, heroism and courage, and deduce lessons from them.

Is Hellfire their eternal abode?

Q: Is it true that the abode of all non-Muslims, including the Christians, will be Hellfire, although they are from the People of the Book?

A: It is up to Allah to decide on who shall enter Heaven and who shall enter Hellfire, and the Holy Quran says that Allah surely does not forgive associating anything with Him, and besides that, he forgives whomsoever He pleases. It is incumbent upon every human being to look for the rightful religion amongst all the various religions and sects in the world, especially that there exist essential differences between Islam and Christianity. Islam calls for the belief that there is no God but Allah, the One and Only, Who could not be embodied in any way and Who begets not. However, Christianity calls for the belief that Allah is three Divine persons embodied in one entity, for He is the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, and that Allah descended from his kingdom to earth personified in a human being to sacrifice himself for the sake of [forgiving] people's sins. What view do you think is the right one?! This is where our duty steps in, as we ought to examine the issue thoroughly, so as to reach the ultimate truth, for if we do not, we would actually be falling behind and neglecting the duty of knowing God, the Creator.

Obligation of offering prayers later

Q: I do not perform my prayers constantly, do I have to perform all the prayers I have missed as a Qhada', knowing that I am 24 years old now? Is there any solution other than actually praying them, such as paying atonement (Kaffara)?

A: You ought to perform all the prayers you have missed, and the only atonement you can offer is praying for Allah's forgiveness whilst performing the prayers you have missed… Allah is the All-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.

Was evil created by Allah?

Q: Was evil created by Allah, the Most High, the Most Exalted? If He did create evil, how could that be while He can never be the source of evil as mentioned in the Holy Quran?! And if He did not create evil, how can we interpret the following Ayah: "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He has created"?

A: Allah, the Most High, the Most Exalted, created the universe with all its norms, laws, and systems, which, all in all, is good for man. However, the nature of the limited matter necessitates having certain negative aspects, for there is no such thing as hundred percent good. On the contrary, there are certain negative aspects, which man calls evil, for they would seem harmful from a certain angle. However, this evil could be good when regarded from a different angle. Thus, scholars say that there exists no absolute evil; but rather, evil is relative, as this same evil could be regarded as evil from a certain angle, and good from another angle. 

Advice for marriage

Q: What would you advise a girl who is about to get married?

A: We advise her to step into other people's life in a calm and natural manner. She should not meddle in the affairs of her husband's family that are of no concern to her, just as she should not let her parents meddle in her own affairs with her husband. Moreover, she ought to be committed to the line of faith and piety throughout her life. 

Waking up for the night prayer

Q: What can we do and what should we avoid in order to be able to wake up to perform the night prayer?

A: In any act of worship, one ought to be determined to perform it regularly and commit himself to it. Sleeping early could help you in waking up to perform the night prayer.

Separating religion from the state

Q: Some non-religious groups, secularists, and modernists claim that the progress of the European, American and Asian nations was due to the fact that these nations rejected religions and held on to science. They also claim that there is no way for the Islamic and Arab nation to progress except by discarding religion and preventing it from intervening in the public affairs and limiting its practice to the places of worship and homes. Moreover, they allege that when Europe was subjected to the rule of religion and popes, it only reaped wars, backwardness and destruction. What do you say about that?

A: This is not a new matter, for several intellectuals, influenced by the western culture, have called for adopting the slogan of separating religion from the state… Actually, such calls embody hoaxes and falsehood, for the experience that succeeds in a certain time and place does not mean that it will succeed in every time and place. Moreover, the western countries had called for the separation of a certain form of religious rule from the state and preventing its interference in the government, politics, and literary issues and the like; that form which was marked with the predominance of clerics and theologists (in the sense that was prevalent in the seventeenth century). That form of religious rule was what deterred any attempt for scientific progress and limited the freedom of scientific thought and other aspects, which were prevalent in the era of backwardness that Europe was plunged in throughout the three known centuries in its history… This does not apply at all to Islam which calls for adopting science, encouraging development and progress, and promoting openness on the other… Investing a certain dark historic era and trying to project it on all historic eras can never be accepted.

Organ Donation

Q: Is it permissible to donate one's organs after death?

A: Yes, it is permissible to donate body organs after death.

Women's veil in the Quran

Q: Does the Quran contain proofs which state that is obligatory on women to wear the veil, as it is common nowadays?

A: Allah says: "O Prophet! Say to your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers that they let down upon them their over-garments; this will be more proper, that they may be known, and thus they will not be given trouble; and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful," (33:57), and: "And say to the believing women that they cast down their looks and guard their private parts and do not display their ornaments except what appears thereof, and let them wear their head-coverings over their bosoms, and not display their ornaments except to their husbands or their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or those whom their right hands possess, or the male servants not having need (of women), or the children who have not attained knowledge of what is hidden of women; and let them not strike their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may be known; and turn to Allah all of you, O believers, so that you may be successful!" (24:31). This indicates that the woman ought to cover her body and feminine beauty features, except the face, palms and feet, as mentioned in the noble traditions. Moreover, there exists a consensus amongst Muslims on the obligation of wearing the veil, without imposing a certain form (code of dress), as long as it covers the body as mentioned.

Are women deficient in mind, shares and faith?

Q: Is it true that Imam Ali (a.s.) said: "Women are deficient in mind, deficient in shares and deficient in faith"?

A: We have reservations on the authenticity of these sayings attributed to the Commander of the faithful (a.s.), for not accepting the testimony of one woman has nothing to do with the mind and any deficiency in it; but rather, it is linked to the woman's soft emotions. Had not accepting her testimony been related to a deficiency in her mind, them demanding the testimony of another woman does not complete her mind and render their joined minds one complete mind. As regards the deficiency in faith that is justified by their abstention from prayers and fasting during their menstrual period, it does not embody actually any deficiency for they leave these acts out of obedience to Allah Who ordained them to do so. As regards deficiency in their shares (inheritance), it is justified by the fact that women are not obliged to provide for their family financially; whereas, the man should.

Do Hellfire and Heaven exist?

Q: What is the proof on that Hellfire and Heaven do exist?

A: After believing in Allah, the Most High, through the innate nature and reason, we believe in the Messenger of Allah, through the miracle he made and clear proofs. Consequently, one ought to believe in the unseen that Muhammad, As-Sadiq (the truthful) Al-Amin (the trustworthy) and the undoubtful Holy Book had talked about. Moreover, the Holy Quran and the other Heavenly books mention Heaven, Hellfire, Judgment, Angels and the Hereafter, knowing that the Last Day is necessary to realize Divine justice.

Status of Imam Al-Hussein (a.s.)

Q: We heard a religious scholar saying in a lecture: "Visiting Imam Al-Hussein (a.s.) in his grave, is like visiting Allah in His Throne," and some of us criticized that as it is impermissible to consider that Al-Hussein and Allah are of an equal status. Moreover, pointing out the possibility that man can visit Allah in His Throne contradicts with the Ja'afari jurisprudence which conclusively refuses to describe any of the traits of Divinity, but the lecturer said that it is used metaphorically. What is your opinion on that?

A: The problem lies in the fact that the following Ayah: " Say: "Shall we tell you of those who lose most in respect of their deeds? Those whose efforts have been wasted in this life, while they thought that they were acquiring good by their works?" applies to such people.

Do not go near prayer when you are intoxicated

Q: Was this Holy Ayah: "Do not go near prayer when you are intoxicated" directed to the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.)?

A: This can never be true, for Imam Ali (a.s.) is infallible and purified and cleansed from [committing] sins and wrongdoings. Moreover, we have discussed this narration, mentioned by certain scholars, in a scientific manner in our book "Interpretations [inspired] from the Holy Quran" and we have revoked it.

Chatting between opposite sexes

Q: Am I allowed to chat with a male over the phone or via the internet?

A: This is not forbidden if the lawful restraints are taken into consideration; however, it is preferred to avoid it, making sure not to be entrapped by certain arousing instants and sexual instincts that violate these restraints.

Sufism and 'Irfan

Q: Those who follow Sufism do certain things that I do not like, such as mentioning the word "breast" out loud, and shaking while they do the mentioning, in a collective manner. What do you say about that? What is your opinion on the 'Irfan of the Household Members (a.s.)?

A: It is impermissible to join such groups, and 'Irfan (literally "knowing") signifies getting to know Allah, the Most High, and reach out to him through the Quran and the fixed noble Sunnah, through the traditions of the Prophet (p.) and the methodology of the Household Members (a.s.), by relying upon their jurisprudence and the authentic supplications and mentionings, and following their path of piety, devoutness and sublime Islamic morals.

Dowry: Not a price for the woman

Q: Some women say that the dowry paid for the wife degrades her, for she would be treated as a merchandise whose emotions are bought in exchange for a certain amount of money. What is your opinion on that?

A: The dowry is not a price for the woman; but rather, it is, as Allah says, a gift, for He says: "And give women their dowries as a free gift, but if they of themselves be pleased to give up to you a portion of it, then eat it with enjoyment and with wholesome result." (04:04). The dowry could be a copy of the holy Quran or teaching one of its Surahs or the like, knowing that it is up to the couple to agree on it. 

Sex education

Q: Does Islam say that teenagers need to be sexually educated? Why?

A: Indeed, they need that, yet to the extent that conforms to their age, and consequently their awareness and ability to understand the terms and expressions used in sex education. Thus, they ought to acquire such education in a scientific instructional manner, so as to educate them on sex in a way that removes any obscurity from their minds in what they need to know, ask about and experience as they reach puberty and sexual changes take place in their bodies. It is impermissible to instruct them using a pornographic sexual method, which arouses instincts and drives them to try these experiments, which leads to wrongdoings, deviation and vice, especially amidst this youth environment that is plunged with temptations and elements of arousement. 

Muslims in western societies

Q: What is the responsibility of the Muslim here in the West and what is the best and most important thing he ought to do?

A: One of the most important things is that the Muslim ought to manifest a bright image of Islam, its morals, justice and good way of treating others. Moreover, a Muslim ought to preserve his religious commitment and avoid deviation and indulgence in corrupt ambiences, and to preserve the welfare of his family.

Emulation in the doctrines


Q: It is known that emulation should be done in issues related to the branches of the religion. However, in the issues of principles, such as unification, prophethood and the like, it is impermissible to emulate a certain religious authority; but rather, one ought to look into the matter thoroughly and get to know everything about it. Thus, we understand, that as a well-educated and conscious youth, we can express our opinions concerning many issues related to the principles of religion, such as unification, the Imamate, the virtues of the Imams and other Islamic issues. We also understand that we can revoke the opinions of our religious scholars on these issues, and even disagree with them according to our knowledge and views; thus, it is impermissible to follow a certain religious authority in such issues. Is that true? What is the principle that controls this issue?

A: Indeed, it is impermissible to perform emulation in such issues, for what is required is to believe in them and be sure and certain about them; however, he who wishes to express his opinion ought to be qualified to do that and well-versed in the Islamic texts represented by the Holy Book and the Sunnah, which help in forming the right image of the pillars on which religion was based… It must be noted that in certain matters, one ought to refer to the experts, just as one does when the issue is difficult and controversial, especially if the issues in question were related to unification and the traits of Allah, the Most High, the Most Exalted… The controlling principle is that man ought to be able to reach full conviction based on evidences and proofs and not on desires and fanaticisms. 

Running the Universe

Q: Can the Imam run the universe?

A: The Imam can run the affairs of the people, if the people choose to help him in the process, for this could not be done by coercion; but rather, it takes place with the people's consent… The Imam has nothing to do with the Universe; thus, it is meaningless to ask if the Imam can run it or not… The affairs of the universe are up to Allah, the Most Exalted, and to Him only

What is infallibility?

Q: What is the definition of infallibility? Are the infallibles born infallible?

A: Infallibility is a grace that Allah privileges His servant with, through which He makes him abstain from committing sins, although he is capable of doing so and without depriving him of the ability to make a choice. Moreover, infallibility extends throughout his entire life.

The mind and the heart


Q: Allah says in His Holy Book in Al-Hajj Surah: "Have they not travelled in the land so that they should have hearts with which to understand? For surely it is not the eyes that are blind, but blind are the hearts which are in the breasts." What is meant by the heart?

A: The heart referred to in this Ayah signifies the mind, intellect, core and the like, and it definitely does not signify the vital organ that pumps blood.

Cheating in exams

Q: Is it allowed to cheat in school or university exams, for any reason whatsoever?

A: This is impermissible, and the student ought to work hard and study well so as to reach success

Congregational supplication

Q: Every Friday night in the mosque, one of the believers recites Kumayl Supplication before a crowd of believers who follow up with him. Do the traditions of Ahl El-Beit (a.s.) include any indication on the virtue of reciting the supplication in congregation? Which is better: recite the supplication individually or in congregation?

A: Indeed, this is mentioned in several traditions that urge the believers on gathering to recite the supplication

At-Tawassul Supplication

Q: What is your opinion, Your Eminence, in At-Tawassul (Soliciting) Supplication which gives each member of Ahl El-Beit the power of intercession, as mentioned in the following quotation from the supplication: "We turn towards thee, seek thy intercession and advocacy before Allah; we put before you our open need, O intimate of Allah. Stand by us when Allah sits in judgment over us," and other similar quotes?

A: At-Tawassul supplication is not established to be authentic, especially in terms of its content, as it is not acceptable to beseech or solicit anyone other than Allah, even if one is asking for intercession. One ought to invoke Allah by the intercession of the Imams



Islamic unity

Q: What is meant by Islamic unity? Could such unity be actually achieved on the ground?

A: Islamic unity is manifested by the proximity of Muslims of all sects, by cooperating, supporting each other and conducting a dialogue over what they could be in agreement about, in an ambience of cordiality and openness to the other. Actually, this could be achieved, and it is already achieved, over ages, in several countries, and to different extents. Every believer ought to support this state of unity and take part in its process as much as he could; thus, exerting every effort for what brings about cordiality and avoiding saying or doing what could lead to partition. Despite the huge negligence of the governments that could actually play a big role in establishing unity, each of the believers in his house and neighborhood, can participate in what brings about benefit and good to the society.

The Big Bang and religion

Q: I would like to know the points of differences and similarities between science and religion on the issue of the Big Bang. Science says: the universe as one entity, and after the Big Bang, stars, planets and the earth were formed. The earth took thousands of years to be in today's form. However, religion says that Allah, the Most High, the Most Exalted, formed the earth in seven days.

A: The Holy Quran did not mention accurate scientific details on the process of the formation of earth and the heavens; but rather, it generally mentions that the formation took place in phases, which is approved and not contradicted by science. The Holy Quran might also have included indications on the Big Bang theory, for Allah says: "Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" The acts of joining together and cloving asunder comply with the Big Bang theory that is still a subject of debate and dispute amongst scientists. Generally, religion is not concerned with natural scientific issues; but rather with putting down recommendations for enhancing the individual and social behavior; thus, there would be no contradiction between science and religion as long as each of them sticks to its own field


The Quran and science

Q: What do you say to all those who claim that the Quran goes against science?

A: This talk is baseless and it is the result of ignorance in the nature and role of the Quran and the nature and role of science. The Quran is a book of guidance, and at the same time it urges people to think and look into the matters thoroughly; two traits that the scientific method is characterized with, so where does such contradiction lie? Indeed, some might try to point out that certain connotations in the Ayats contradict with certain scientific facts, which includes hidden attempts that aim at offending the Quran. On the other hand, there are several important studies that participated in defending the Quran and revoking the claims of its critics, especially in such an issue.

The formation of Earth

Q: I am a university student. We are taught that there are many evidences that support the idea that the age of earth is over 4,6 billion years, as proven by several scientific studies. What do you say about that, especially that the Quran mentions that earth was created in six days; whereas, science says that it took millions of years to be formed?

A: The holy Quran is not a book of science. Perhaps what is meant by the days is the time phases that the process of the earth formation took.

Determining the fetus's sex


Q: Allah says in the Holy Quran: "He creates what He pleases; He grants to whom He pleases daughters and grants to whom He pleases sons." Who is responsible for determining the sex of the fetus? Is selecting the sex of the fetus from in-vitro fertilization forbidden?

A: Choosing the sex through scientific methods is not forbidden, for Allah enabled man of the knowledge and means to do so.

Marriage: A predestined fate?!

Q: Is marriage from a specific partner predestined as they say. Could not a person who falls in love with someone and wishes to marry him, actually marry him? Is the partner of every person in this world chosen by Allah?

A: Marriage and choosing a partner is left for the choice of the human being, and Allah would bless this marriage or direct it according to His Own will


Plastic surgeries

Q: Thanks to Allah, I was born beautiful, but I cannot smile. Perhaps, this case is due to weakness in the jaw muscles. Is it permissible for me to perform a plastic surgery as part of a medical treatment?

A: This is permissible provided that the legal limits during the treatment are taken into consideration, meaning that the operation should be performed by a female doctor, since direct contact will take place or the doctor will have to see certain parts of the woman that a foreigner is forbidden from seeing, unless a female doctor was not available and the operation constitutes a dire need to remove any hardship.


The woman's veil

Q: Is wearing the veil (covering the hair) obligatory on the woman in Islam? I have read in several books that wearing the veil is merely a traditional practice by ancient tribes, and it was transmitted to us in the name of religion and Islam… and I have searched for an explicit proof in the Quran but 
I found none. What do you say about that?


A: A woman should wear the veil, not only in the sense of covering the hair, but also the entire body and the feminine beauty features, except the face, palms and the feet. The Quran includes a clear explicit text on the obligation of wearing the veil, which enjoys the consensus of all Muslims, and is considered part of the fundamental rulings in the Islamic Shariah. Allah says: "And say to the believing women that they cast down their looks and guard their private parts and do not display their ornaments except what appears thereof, and let them wear their head-coverings over their bosoms, and not display their ornaments except to their husbands or their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or those whom their right hands possess, or the male servants not having need (of women), or the children who have not attained knowledge of what is hidden of women; and let them not strike their feet so that what they hide of their ornaments may be known; and turn to Allah all of you, O believers, so that you may be successful!" (24:31).

Forbiddances by the legislator


Q: What are the acts that were deemed forbidden by the legislator and that were not mentioned in the Quran?

A: No one can forbid what Allah has not forbidden in His Book, except what was forbidden in the noble Sunnah, which could be understood from the general lines of the Book or specific cases based on general rules.

How to persuade a child to pray

Q: How can I persuade a twelve-year old boy to pray? Is it permissible to beat him up or hit him slightly, if he refuses to pray?

A: You should use a patient, wise and lenient method with him. Accompanying some friends and relatives to the mosque and participating in scout and recreational religious activities might be useful for him.

Is this true?

Q: Is it true that the Jinns could possess man and influence him and his life? What is your opinion in the following Ayah: "Whom the Evil one by his touch Hath driven to madness" on which many base their opinion that a Jinn can possess man?

A: This is not true, and it has not been proven. The touch of the Evil mentioned in this Ayah does not mean possession by the Jinn; but rather, it signifies the temptations and whisperings of Satan. Thus, Allah would never make Satan possess the human being in the way people believe it to be.

Al-Bayan sermon


Q: Is Al-Bayan sermon narrated about Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (a.s.) authentic?

A: It is not proven that this sermon could be attributed to the Commander of the Faithful (a.s.); but rather, it is falsified, because it includes certain connotations that could never be attributed to him as they are against the doctrine of unification and contradict with his style of speech.

Sayyeda Az-Zahraa (a.s.): An ordinary person

Q: Is it true that Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadlullah says that Fatima Az-Zahraa (a.s.) is an ordinary woman? What does he mean by that?

A: This is what Allah says about His Prophet "Say: I am but a [mortal] man like yourselves." What I meant here is that the Prophet or the Imam is an ordinary man in his humanity and human characteristics. Allah chose from amongst His human servants messengers, and He did not choose any angel or other creatures for this mission. As for the aspect of belief, grace and infallibility in their lives, they are the chosen, selected and preferred individuals whom Allah has bestowed with infallibility and the appropriate qualifications for their missionary position



Kesamaan Ahlussunnah dan Syiah

Ternyata banyak riwayat dalam kitab syiah yang sesuai dengan hadits-hadits Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam dalam kitab ahlussunnah. Tapi kemana riwayat-riwayat itu?
Pada dua artikel sebelumnya, kita menjelaskan tentang sisi lain dari ajaran syiah tentang puasa asyura dan juga masalah memukul-mukul dada.

Seperti yang diketahui bersama, syiah di sekitar kita selama ini meyakini bahwa memukul-mukul dada ketika memperingati Imam Husein adalah amal shaleh. Tapi ternyata ahlulbait sendiri melarangnya. Dan mengancam bahwa memukul paha sekali saja karena ditimpa musibah, itu dapat menggugurkan amal shaleh.

Begitu juga puasa Asyura, syiah meyakini bahwa puasa pada hari Asyura adalahajaran bani Umayah, dan hari Asyura adalah hari duka cita, bukan hari untuk berpuasa. Ternyata kita temukan dalam kitab syiah perintah untuk berpuasa pada hari Asyura.

Di sini nampak adanya perbedaan antara yang diyakini syiah, dan yang ada di kitab-kitab syiah sendiri. Ini mengingatkan kita pada kaum Nasrani yang banyak menyimpang dari ajaran kitab yang mereka anggap suci.

Dari Abu Abdillah dari ayahnya, bahwa Ali bin Abi Thalib berkata: Berpuasalah pada hari Asyura, hari kesembilan dan kesepuluh, karena menghapuskan dosa setahun.


Tahdzibul Ahkam jilid 4 hal 299,


Al Istibshar jilid 2 hal 134,


Al Wafi jilid 7 hal 13,


Wasa’il Syiah jilid 7 hal 337,


Jami’ Ahadits Syi’ah jilid 9 hal 474-475.
Ternyata riwayat dari ahlulbait ini “senada” dengan hadits yang ada dalam kitab ahlus sunnah, yang menganjurkan umat Islam untuk berpuasa di hari Asyura.

Dari Abu Qatadah, bahwa Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda: berpuasa pada hari Asyura, aku beharap bahwa Allah akan mengampuni dosa setahun sebelumnya.

Riwayat Muslim

Abu Dawud

Tirmidzi

Ibnu Majah

Ahmad

Baihaqi
Begitu juga dengan masalah tepuk dada dan memukul-mukul diri, yang dilakukan oleh syiah karena bersedih akibat peristiwa yang sudah terjadi lebih 1000 tahun yang lalu. Kami menukil riwayat dari kitab syiah tentang larangan memukul diri saat tertimpa musibah.

Dari Muhammad bin Ali bn Husein, dengan sanadnya dari Shafwan bin Yahya dan Muhammad bin Abi Umair, dari Musa bin Bakr, dari Zurarah, dari Ja’far As Shadiq: Siapa yang memukulkan tangannya ke paha ketika ditimpa musibah, maka pahalanya akan gugur.


Dari Muhammad bin Ya’qub, dari Ali bin Ibrahim, dari ayahnya, dari An Naufali, dari As Sukuni, dari Abu Abdillah berkata: Rasulullah SAWW bersabda: orang muslim yang memukulkan tangannya ke paha saat musibah, maka itu menggugurkan pahalanya.


Wasa’il Syiah jilid 3 hal 270, Bab 81
Riwayat ini senada dengan hadits Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam yang diriwayatkan dalam kitab-kitab ahlussunnah:

Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam bersabda: bukan golongan kami mereka yang memukul pipi ketika memisah, menyobek pakaian, dan memanggil dengan panggilan jahiliyah kala berduka.

Shahih Bukhari

Shahih Muslim

Mushad Ahmad

Sunan Nasa’i

Sunan Tirmidzi


Dan yang menarik, riwayat-riwayat yang senada dengan riwayat ahlussunnah ini tidak pernah dikenal oleh banyak penganut syiah.

Ternyata ada kesamaan antara sumber-sumber ahlussunnah dan syiah, yang mengisyaratkan bahwa sebenarnya ada banyak kesamaan antara ahlussunnah dan syiah, di mana riwayat-riwayat para imam syiah tidak melenceng dari sabda Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam.

Ini sesuai dengan perintah Allah pada kaum muslimin untuk mentaati Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam. Di mana ahlussunnah bergegas mengikuti perintah itu, dan meriwayatkan hadits-hadits Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam dengan teliti, memisahkan mana yang valid dan mana yang cacat, hingga umat bisa mengikuti perintah Allah dan RasulNya shallallahu alaihi wasallam dengan baik.

Perintah ini diikuti juga oleh para imam ahlulbait, dan selama ini syiah selalu mengklaim bahwa merekalah pengikut ahlulbait sejati. Dan ahlulbait tidak akan keluar dari perintah Allah dan RasulNya, yang mana salah satu perintahNya adalah mengikuti ajaran Rasul shallallahu alaihi wasallam .

Selama ini sebagian syiah sering memprakarsai persatuan sunni syiah, tapi mereka menempuh jalan yang keliru, mereka memaksa ahlussunnah untuk bertoleransi pada syiah, dan tidak mengatakan syiah sebagai sesat, tapi di sisi lain syiah tetap bersikeras untuk meyakini akidah imamah, dan meyakini bahwa sahabat Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam adalah sesat dan kafir.

Persatuan adalah dengan menemukan kesamaan antara syiah dan ahlussunnah, yaitu dengan mencari riwayat-riwayat yang senada dengan sabda Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam. Dengan mentaati Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam, maka syiah dan ahlussunnah bisa bersatu.

Dan riwayat-riwayat ini jumlahnya sangat banyak dalam kitab syiah, tapi memang riwayat-riwayat yang senada dengan ajaran Nabi shallallahu alaihi wasallam dalam kitab-kitab ahlussunnah sengaja dikubur dalam-dalam oleh para ustadz dan ulama syiah, agar tidak terjadi persatuan antara sunni dan syiah.
Agar tetap ada perpecahan dalam tubuh umat Islam. Agar musuh tetap bisa melemahkan umat Islam.

sumber:Hakekat.com

Imam Ali bin abi Thalib dan nikah mut'ah


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Apa kata Ali tentang nikah mut’ah? Barangkali ada yang telah membacanya dari kitab-kitab sunni, ini hal biasa, tetapi kali ini kami nukilkan dari kitab syi’ah. Sebenarnya bagaimana hukum nikah mut’ah menurut Ali? Saya mengajak pembaca menyimak titah imam syiah yang dianggap maksum. Anda akan mendapat informasi berharga.


Bagi syiah Ali adalah sosok imam maksum, suci tanpa cela. Titahnya harus ditaati, mengingat posisinya sebagai imam di mata syiah, yang meyakini bahwa imam adalah penerus dari kenabian. Sedangkan posisi Ali adalah imam pertama setelah Nabi wafat, yang konon dilantik sendiri oleh Rasulullah.

Bagi Syiah, Ali-lah orangnya yang ditunjuk untuk menjadi penerus misi kenabian, beserta sebelas orang anak cucunya. menjadi penerus kenabian artinya meneruskan lagi misi kenabian, yaitu menyampaikan risalah Allah pada manusia di bumi. Tentunya ketika menyampaikan misinya tidak berbohong dan tidak keliru, karena para imam –menurut syiah- adalah maksum, terjaga dari salah dan lupa, maka tidak mungkin keliru dalam menyampaikan amanat risalah, juga tidak mungkin berbohong ketika menyampaikan hadits Nabi.

Salah satu hal aksiomatis dalam mazhab syiah adalah nikah mut’ah, seperti dinyatakan oleh Al Hurr Al Amili dalam Wasa’ilu Syi’ah jilid 21 hal 13. Al Amili mengatakan : bolehnya nikah mut’ah adalah perkara aksiomatis dalam mazhab syiah”. Bukan Al Hurr Al Amili sendirian yang menganggap bolehnya nikah mut’ah adalah hal aksiomatis dalam mazhab syiah, Al Majlisi juga menyatakan demikian: beberapa hal yang termasuk perkara aksiomatis dalam agama syi’ah, kata Majlisi, adalah menghalalkan mut’ah, haji tamattu’ dan memusuhi Abubakar, Umar, Utsman dan Muawiyah. Bisa dilihat dalam Al I’tiqad hal 90-91.

Yang disebut aksiomatis adalah hal penting yang harus diyakini oleh penganut syiah. Begitulah penganut syiah di masa lalu, hari ini dan sampai akhir nanti akan terus meyakini bolehnya nikah mut’ah. Sesuatu bisa menjadi aksiomatis dalam syiah mestinya karena sudah digariskan oleh para imam syiah yang 12, yang menjadi rujukan syiah selama ini dalam penetapan hukum, paling tidak itulah pengakuan syiah selama ini, yaitu mereka merujuk pada penjelasan para imam. Apalagi imam pertama mereka setelah Nabi yaitu Ali bin Abi Thalib, menantu Nabi yang – lagi-lagi menurut syiah- paling mengetahui ajaran Islam dibanding sahabat lain.

Demikian pula syiah di Indonesia, mereka meyakini bolehnya mut’ah, dan menyebarkan hal itu pada penganut syiah. hingga akhirnya praktek mut’ah marak di mana-mana, dengan keyakinan bahwa mut’ah adalah ajaran keluarga Nabi yang boleh dikerjakan. Di sini pelaku mut’ah mendapatkan tiga kenikmatan, yang pertama kenikmatan melakukan “ajaran” keluarga Nabi, yang pasti mendapatkan pahala dengan melakukannya, yang kedua, kenikmatan hubungan seksual, melampiaskan hasrat yang telah digariskan Allah pada manusia. Sementara yang ketiga, bisa berganti-ganti pasangan, karena mut’ah adalah praktek pembolehan hubungan seksual antara laki-laki dan wanita untuk sementara waktu. Pembaca –yang laki-laki tentunya- bisa membayangkan betapa nikmatnya.

Ahlussunnah menganggap nikah mut’ah adalah haram sampai hari kiamat, meskipun pada beberapa saat pernah dibolehkan oleh Rasulullah SAWW. Pengharaman ini berdasarkan keterangan dari Rasulullah SAWW sendiri yang mengharamkannya. Beberapa tahun kemudian Umar menyampaikan pengharaman tersebut pada para sahabat Nabi ketika menjabat khalifah. Namun syi’ah selalu menghujat ahlussunnah yang dalam hal ini mengikuti sabda Nabi, dan menuduh Umar –lah- yang mengharamkan nikah mut’ah, bukan Nabi. Artinya di sini Umar telah mengharamkan perbuatan yang halal dilakukan. Dan hujatan-hujatan lainnya, yang intinya adalah Rasulullah tidak pernah mengharamkan mut’ah, karena yang mengharamkan adalah Umar mengapa kita mengikuti Umar dan meninggalkan apa yang dihalalkan oleh Rasulullah SAWW? Dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya.

Namun ada yang janggal di sini, ternyata Ali malah dengan tegas meriwayatkan sabda Nabi tentang haramnya nikah mut’ah. Riwayat ini tercantum dalam kitab Tahdzibul Ahkam karya At Thusi pada jilid 7 halaman 251, dengan sanadnya dari :

Muhammad bin Yahya, dari Abu Ja’far dari Abul Jauza’ dari Husein bin Alwan dari Amr bin Khalid dari Zaid bin Ali dari ayahnya dari kakeknya dari Ali [Alaihissalam] bersabda: Rasulullah mengharamkan pada perang Khaibar daging keledai jinak dan nikah mut’ah.

Bagaimana perawinya? Kita lihat bersama dari literatur syiah sendiri:
Muhammad bin Yahya : dia adalah tsiqah, An Najasyi mengatakan dalam kitabnya [no 946] : guru mazhab kami di jamannya, dia adalah tsiqah [terpercaya]

Abu Ja’far , Tsiqah [terpercaya] lihat Al Mufid min Mu’jam Rijalil Hadits

Abul Jauza’, namanya adalah Munabbih bin Abdullah At Taimi , haditsnya Shahih lihat  Al Mufid min Mu’jam Rijalil Hadits

Husein bin Alwan, Tsiqah [terpercaya], lihat Faiqul Maqal, Khatimatul Mustadrak, dan Al Mufid min Mu’jam Rijalul Hadits.
Amr bin Khalid Al Wasithi: Tsiqah, lihat Mu’jam Rijalil Hadits, Mustadrakat Ilmi Rijalil Hadits.

Zaid bin Ali bin Husein bin Ali bin Abi Thalib, salah satu ahlul bait Nabi, jelas tsiqah.

Di sini Ali mendengar sendiri sabda Nabi dan menyampaikannya pada umat. Menghadapi riwayat ini mungkin kita bingung, ternyata bukan anda saja yang bingung, saya pun ikut kebingungan karena dua hal:

Pertama,  bagaimana ulama syiah dan ustadz syiah tidak menyampaikan hal ini pada umatnya? Hingga umatnya dengan suka ria melakukan mut’ah yang memang mengasyikkan. Kita mempertanyakan apakah mereka tidak membaca riwayat ini? Ataukah mereka membacanya tetapi tidak menjelaskan pada umat tentang kenyataan ini? Atau kenyataan ini tidak sesuai dengan kepentingan mereka, karena tidak dipungkiri lagi bahwa bolehnya nikah mut’ah membuka kesempatan bagi syiah guna menghilangkan kebosanan dan menambah variasi dalam hubungan seksual. Ketika orang hanya berhubungan dengan istrinya, maka bukan tidak mungkin suami bosan dengan istrinya, dan dengan mut’ah suami bisa mencari variasi dengan pasangan yang berbeda, baik dengan daun-daun muda, maupun janda-janda muda yang kesepian. Dan hubungan ini tidak mengakibatkan konsekuensi apa pun, kecuali kesepakatan tentang uang jasa dan jangka waktu mut’ah. Bisakan kita percaya para ustadz syiah dan santri-santri muda syiah belum membaca riwayat ini?

saya teringat ayat Al Qur'an, yang terjemahnya sebagai berikut:

Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang menyembunyikan apa yang telah Kami turunkan berupa keterangan-keterangan (yang jelas) dan petunjuk, setelah Kami menerangkannya kepada manusia dalam Al-Kitab, mereka itu dila'nati Allah dan dila'nati (pula) oleh semua (makhluk) yang dapat mela'nati, (QS. 2:159)

Kecuali mereka yang telah taubat dan mengadakan perbaikan dan menerangkan (kebenaran), maka terhadap mereka itulah Aku menerima taubatnya dan Akulah Yang Maha Penerima taubat lagi Maha Penyayang. (QS. 2:160)

Kedua, ketika para ulama syiah menghadapi hadits shahih dari Nabi maupun imam yang tidak sesuai dengan mazhab syiah, mereka mengatakan bahwa Nabi atau imam mengatakan hadits itu dalam kondisi taqiyah, artinya yang disabdakan tidaklah benar adanya. Misalnya hadits ini, ketika ulama syiah  tidak mampu menolak hadits ini karena sanadnya yang shahih, maka mereka mengatakan bahwa hadits ini disabdakan dalam kondisi taqiyah. Maksudnya adalah Nabi sebenarnya tidak mensabdakan hadits ini tetapi Ali bertaqiyah hingga menyebutkan hadits ini.

Al Hurr Al Amili dalam Wasa’il menyatakan:

“Syaikh [At Thusi] dan [ulama] lainnya menafsirkan riwayat ini sebagai taqiyyah, karena bolehnya nikah mut’ah adalah perkara aksiomatis dalam mazhab syiah”

Kita perlu mempertanyakan mengapa sabda Ali tidak sesuai dengan ajaran syiah, itu dianggap sebagai taqiyah. Tetapi kita ketahui bahwa taqiyah tidak mungkin dilakukan tanpa sebab, yaitu ketakutan. Lalu apa yang Imam Ali takutkan hingga bertaqiyah dalam masalah ini? Apakah kita mempertanyakan kembali sifat pemberani Ali bin Abi Thalib karena di sini digambarkan takut untuk menyampaikan kebenaran?

Juga kita mempertanyakan sumber informasi Syaikh At Thusi dan ulama syiah lainnya hingga mereka tahu bahwa imam Ali bertaqiyah ketika meriwayatan sabda Nabi itu. Jika tidak ada informasi yang valid apakah kita mengatakan bahwa  ulama syiah hanya mengira-ngira saja, tanpa berdasari informasi yang valid. Hanya dengan satu alasan, yaitu menyelisihi hal yang aksiomatis dalam mazhab lalu begitu saja sabda imam bisa divonis taqiyah.

Satu lagi konsekuensi berat bagi ulama syiah yang menyatakan bahwa Ali bertaqiyah dalam hadits itu, berarti Ali mengarang-ngarang hadits Nabi SAWW padahal Nabi SAWW tidak pernah mengucapkannya. Karena pernyataan Ali di atas adalah riwayat,bukan pendapat Ali sendiri, tapi menceritakan sabda Nabi SAWW. Perbuatan ini dikenal dalam istilah hadits dengan “berdusta atas nama Nabi”. Sedangkan perbuatan berdusta atas nama Nabi adalah perbuatan dosa besar, Kitab Tafsir Surat Al Hamd karya Muhammad Baqir Al Hakim –ulama syiah Irak- pada hal. 40 memuat sebuah riwayat yang panjang dari Ali, yang dinukil dari Wasa’ilu Syi’ah –karya Al Hurr Al Amili-, dalam riwayat itu Ali menukil sabda Nabi:

siapa yang berdusta atas namaku dengan sengaja hendaknya menyiapkan tempatnya di neraka.

Hadits ini juga dinukil oleh As Shaduq dalam Al I’tiqadat hal 119-120, juga tercantum dalam Al Ihtijaj jilid 1 hal 394.
Apakah Ali mengarang hadits Nabi SAWW hingga harus bersiap-siap masuk neraka? Atau Ali mendengar sabda Nabi dan menyampaikannya sesuai yang didengarnya? Saya tidak percaya Ali berdusta atas nama Nabi SAWW, juga mestinya syiah –yang percaya Ali adalah maksum- tidak percaya bahwa Ali telah berdusta.

Maka jelaslah Ali mengikuti sabda Nabi SAWW, bahwa nikah mut’ah adalah haram dilakukan saat ini, meskipun pernah dihalalkan oleh Nabi dalam beberapa kondisi, yaitu dalam kondisi perang. Tetapi syiah saat ini menghalalkan mut’ah dalam segala kondisi, tidak hanya ketika kondisi perang. Ini bedanya nikah mut’ah yang pernah dibolehkan pada jaman Nabi SAWW dan mut’ah yang menjadi sebuah aksioma dalam mazhab syiah hari ini.

Dengan ini muncul keraguan dan pertanyaan tentang hubungan mazhab syi’ah hari ini dengan Ali bin Abi Thalib. Rupanya memang tidak semua omongan orang sesuai dengan kenyataan. COntohnya syiah yang selalu mengaku mengikuti Ali, tetapi kenyataannya sungguh berbeda. Ternyata hal aksiomatis dalam mazhab syiah berbeda dengan ajaran Ali bin Abi Thalib/

Saya ingatkan para pembaca tentang kenikmatan sorga beserta bidadari-bidadari yang menyambut penghuninya, beserta isteri-isteri sorga. Tentunya kenikmatan “jannah” lebih menggairahkan dibanding kenikmatan dunia. Allah berfirman dalam surat Yasin yang terjemahnya sebagai berikut:

Sesungguhnya penghuni jannah pada hari itu bersenang-senang dalam kesibukan (mereka). (QS. 36:55)
Mereka dan isteri-isteri mereka berada dalam tempat yang teduh, bertekan di atas dipan-dipan. (QS. 36:56)

Ayat di atas menceritakan penghuni sorga bersenang-senang dalam kesibukan bersama isteri mereka. Kira-kira apa kesibukan penghuni sorga hingga membuat mereka gembira,  yang dilakukan bersama istri di atas dipan? Pembaca pasti tahu jawabnya!

sumber:Hakekat.com

Jumat, 01 Agustus 2014

Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadlullah (ra), Against the Concept of Wilayat al-Faqih




An Interview with Late Ayatullah Fadlallah [ra] (Arabic), we are only mentioning that part which deals with the Wilayat al-Faqhi


English Translation


Mansour: What are the motives in delaying the announcement of your Marji'iyyah until 1994?


Fadlallah: Actually, there are no self-motives, but there were many people in the world who were requesting this from me. The Marji'iyyah wasn't to me an ambition to endeavour for, because for the last 50 years I have been an Islamist, working for bringing people to Islam in a civilized way, that is open minded towards the issues relating to the present day man.




All my concerns during my cultural, religious and even political activities; are to present Islam to the world in a civilized way. Another of my objectives was how to establish the importance of Islamic unity, and even since the year 1952 I took part in a memorial programme in Beirut, which was the first trip for me to Beirut, and I called for Islamic unity at that early stage. I did not have the aim for Marji'iyyah. In other words, I work for the aim of awakening the present day people, including those Muslims in their Universities and Societies, or the non-Muslim to understand Islam as an open religion which operates in order to solve the problems of the people in the world.



Mansour: But since you announced your Marji'iyyah, there have been many groups working to place doubts in this Marji'iyyah and even striving to topple it, there are numerous sources which indicate that these groups are represented in Iran and Hizbollah, who are here in Lebanon.


Fadlallah: In reality, from the things that I often think, I believe from the study of history and current experiences that nobody is capable of destroying somebody else who has a presence in the world, and nobody can character assassinate someone else, it is normal that there is…


Mansour: [interuption] Is there actually a real attempt to character assassinate you?


Fadlallah: Yes, naturally there is such a campaign.


Mansour: What are the reasons behind it?


Fadlallah: It is possible that some of the reasons are disagreements on concepts.


Mansour: What are the most important of these concepts?


Fadlallah: Maybe there are concepts relating to history, maybe there are concepts relating to opening up to the reality of our times. I believe that part of these battles is the battle between awareness and backwardness, and the awareness between superstition and the reality in this area. There are also certain complications that are possibly associated with politics or even personality issues.


Mansour: [interruption] Is there an element of Arabs and Persians involved?


Fadlallah: I do not think that the issue is in this particular size, however when the topic becomes complicated it is very natural that many of these elements enter.


Mansour: Many will ask why Hizbollah in Lebanon rely on the Marji'iyyah of Sayyid Ali Khamanei in Iran, and they further you away when you are the nearer, and in fact the Hizb relied on your thoughts in its foundation?


Fadlallah: I think this is an issue related to their belief in Wilayat Al-Faqih, and it's oneness all over the world.


Mansour: The issue of Wilayat Al-Faqih is complicated even in the understanding of the people, and there are demonstrations at the moment in Iran against Wilayat Al-Faqih.


Fadlallah: Actually, Wilayat Al-Faqih is a juristic theory and is not a theory of belief.


Mansour: Do you agree or disagree with it?


Fadlallah: I do not think the religious scriptures confirm the theory of Wilayat Al-Faqih.


Mansour: You place doubt in it?


Fadlallah: Based on my Ijtihad, I do not view that the religious scriptures implies Wilayat Al-Faqih. However, we say in the Islamic school, that we believe in safeguarding the humane system in the communities; so if safeguarding of the system in a certain country or at a certain time depends on Wilayat Al-Faqih, then it is for it, otherwise it is very possible to research the theory of Shura or something of this kind.


Mansour: In other words, the fate of the whole Ummah is connected to one man, and further more this places an element of sacredness upon him, and has even given him the status of Prophets, does this not indicate an error in the political system?


Fadlallah: I do not view that there is a move to place the Wali Al-Faqih in the status of Prophets.


Mansour: When all matters are related to him, and in fact the choices of the people are not available without his approval, what is left?


Fadhallah: No, there is a point that is important to focus on here overlooking the actual practice that might cause disagreement here and there. The Wali Al-Faqih in Iran is elected indirectly by the people, and Iran from the time of the Islamic revolution that was led by its leader Imam Khomeini has followed the method of public referendum that no other country has used in the region, including the matters of the constitution and other matters. So from a theoretical perspective, the people can bring down the Wali Al-Faqih if he deviates from the juristic line or religious line and so on.


Mansour: But this is what looks like complete acceptance.


Fadhallah: In my opinion, the Jurist whether he was Imam Khomeini or who came after him, did not use their absolute authority, but they accepted the result of the public referendums without further reservation.


Mansour: There is a problem in Iran right now between the head of state and Wali Al-Faqih. Don't you think that the theory of Wali Al-Faqih was Ijtihad by Imam Al-Khomeini and not present beforehand?


Fadhallah: It is as I said. The concept of Waliyat Al-Faqih existed in Jurisprudence research, and there were some Jurists, among them is Al-Sheikh Muhammad Hassan Sahib Al-Jawahir who recognized the concept of Waliyat Al-Faqih, but Imam Khomeini activiated it and made it more dynamic and benefited from the environment that surrounded him at the time to serve his Ijtihad on this theory.





The issue of conflicts which may happen, some people think is just a difference in opinion, which is a healthy sign and not a sign of illness.



Mansour: [interuption] But its consequences on the people and on the political environment changes. It’s different. It doesn't have "Health", it shows "illness".


Fadhallah: I don’t, looking at it from this political perspective, it is healthy to have conflicting opinions in the political arena, though there could be some abuse in application. We in the east, and especially in the Arab world, were never used to political life, meaning a variety of different ideas and opinions, we usually only have one opinion.




Mansour: The problem is we can have a political debate and political competition in any society but the problem here is that we have a Religious Marji'iyyah which has to be followed by everybody.


Fadhallah: No, even the Religious Marji'iyyah is not unified, and people do differ about it; and nobody believes that the Wali Al-Faqih is infallible..


Mansour: They don't believe so, but they practice it.


Fadhallah: I am not assuming infallibility in application and I am not defending what is going on but we need to observe carefully what is happening in Iran.


Mansour: [interruption] Do you demand reviewing the theory of Waliyat Al-Faqih?


Fadhallah: The problem is not how to interpret the theory of Wilayat Al-Faqih, but I don't believe in Wilayat Al-Faqih on a Jurisprudence basis.


Mansour: So from its essence, from its essence you disagree with the principle?


Fadlallah: Yes, except if the safeguard of the system depends on it.

Arabic Matan



أحمد منصور: ما هي دوافعك في تأخير إعلان مرجعيتك إلى العام 94؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: الواقع أنه ليست هناك دوافع ذاتية، ولكن هناك الكثيرون في العالم كانوا يطلبون مني ذلك، ولم تكن المرجعية بالنسبة إلي.. بالنسبة لي طموحاً ذاتياً أسعى إليه، لأنني منذ 50 سنة كنت إسلامياً أعمل من أجل انفتاح الإنسان على الإسلام بالطريقة الحضارية المنفتحة على قضايا الإنسان المعاصر.

كان كل همي في نشاطي الثقافي والديني وحتى السياسي هو كيف أقُدِّم الإسلام إلى العالم بالطريقة الحضارية، وكيف يمكن أن أنفتح على الضرورة الإسلامية في الوحدة الإسلامية، حتى أنني سنة 52 شاركت في احتفال تأبيني في بيروت، وكانت أول سفرة جئت فيها إلى بيروت دعوت فيها إلى الوحدة الإسلامية في ذلك الوقت، لأن.. فلم يكن لديَّ هدف المرجعية، أنا يعني أعمل من أجل.. من أن نفتح وعي الإنسان المعاصر، سواء كان الإنسان المسلم في جامعاته ونواديه الثقافية أو الإنسان غير المسلم على الإسلام المنفتح الذي يتحرك من أجل معالجة قضايا الإنسان في العالم.

أحمد منصور: لكن سماحة السيد، منذ إعلان مرجعيتك وهناك جهات عديدة تسعى للتشكيك في هذه المرجعية، بل وتسعى لإسقاطها، وهناك مصادر كثيرة أشارت إلى أن هذه الجهات تتمثل في إيران وحزب الله هنا في.. في لبنان.

محمد حسين فضل الله: الواقع إن.. أنا يعني من الأمور التي أفكر فيها دائماً على مستوى تجارب الواقع على المستوى التاريخي إنه لا يستطيع أحدٌ أن يحطم أحداً يملك حضوراً في العالم، ولا يستطيع أحدٌ أن يغتال أحداً معنوياً، من الطبيعي أن هناك..

أحمد منصور: هناك محاولة لاغتيالك معنوياً بالفعل.

محمد حسين فضل الله: هناك من الطبيعي هناك حملة..

أحمد منصور: ما أسبابها؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: قد تكون بعض أسبابها اختلاف في المفاهيم؟

أحمد منصور: ما هي أهم المفاهيم التي..؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: لعلِّي.. لعلَّ هناك مفاهيم تتعلق بالتاريخ، لعلَّ هناك مفاهيم تتعلق بالانفتاح على الواقع المعاصر، إنني أعتبر أن هناك جزءاً من هذه المعركة هي المعركة بين الوعي والتخلف، والوعي بين الخرافة والحقيقة في هذا المجال، لهذا فإن.. وهناك أيضاً تعقيدات معينة قد تدخل فيها بعض الجوانب السياسية أو.. أو بعض الجوانب الشخصانية..

أحمد منصور [مقاطعاً]: هل يدخل فيها عنصر العرب والفرس؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: أنا لا أتصور أن القضية بهذا الحجم، ولكنه.. ولكن عندما تتعقد الأوضاع فمن الطبيعي جداً أن تتدخل فيها الكثير من العناصر.

أحمد منصور: يعني كثيرون يتساءلون عن سبب اعتماد حزب الله هنا في لبنان على مرجعية السيد علي خامنئي في إيران، ويستبعدك وأنت الأقرب، بل إن الحزب اعتمد على أفكارك في نشأته؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: إنني أتصور أن المسألة هي إيمانه بولاية الفقيه، ويؤمن بوحدة..

أحمد منصور: قضية ولاية الفقيه قضية معقدة..

محمد حسين فضل الله: بوحدة ولاية الفقيه في العالم.

أحمد منصور: قضية ولاية الفقيه قضية معقدة حتى في فهم الناس، وهناك مظاهرات الآن في إيران ضد ولاية الفقيه، وهناك..

محمد حسين فضل الله: يعني ولاية الفقيه هي نظرية فقهية ليست نظرية عقيدية.

أحمد منصور: هل تتفق أم تختلف معها؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: إنني لا أعتبر أن النصوص الدينية تؤكد نظرية ولاية الفقيه.

أحمد منصور: تشكك فيها؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: إنني لا أعتبر أن يعني بحسب اجتهادي، أنا لا أرى أن النصوص الدينية تدل على ولاية الفقيه، ولكني أقول إننا في.. في.. في الخط الإسلامي نؤمن بحفظ النظام الإنساني في المجتمعات، فإذا توقف حفظ النظام في بلد معين أو في مرحلة معينة على ولاية الفقيه كان له ذلك وإلا فمن الممكن جداً البحث عن نظرية الشورى وما إلى ذلك.

أحمد منصور: يعني ربط مصير الأمة كلها بشخص واحد وإضفاء شيء من التقديس عليه أو إنزاله حتى منزلة الأنبياء، أما يدل على خلل في النظام السياسي؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: إن.. أنا لا أتصور أن هناك اتجاهاً لإنزال الولي الفقيه منزلة الأنبياء، ولا سيَّما أن..

أحمد منصور [مقاطعاً]: حينما يفوَّض كل شيء في.. يعني خيارات الناس لا يتم اعتمادها إلا بموافقته، ما الذي يبقى؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: لأ هناك.. هناك نقطة يجب أن.. يعني نركز عليها بقطع النظر عن حركة التطبيق التي قد تثير الجدل هنا وهناك، أن الولي الفقيه في إيران يُنتخب من قِبَل الشعب بدرجة.. بالدرجة الثانية، وأن إيران منذ الثورة الإسلامية التي قادها الإمام الخوميني أخذت بأسلوب.. بمنهج الاستفتاء الشعبي الذي لم تأخذ به أية دولة في المنطقة، حتى في مسألة الدستور وحتى في القضايا الأخرى لذلك من.. من الوجهة النظرية الشعب يستطيع أن يسقط الولي الفقيه إذا انحرف عن الخط.. الخط الاجتهادي أو الخط الديني أو ما إلى ذلك..

أحمد منصور: لكن هناك ما يشبه التفويض المطلق.

محمد حسين فضل الله: في تصوري أن يعني أن الفقيه أساساً سواءً كان بالنسبة للإمام الخوميني أو مَنْ بعده لم يستعملوا مسألة التفويض المطلق، بل كانوا في كل ما تنتجه الاستفتاءات الشعبية يوافقون عليها من دون تحفظ.

أحمد منصور: هنالك الخلل الموجود في إيران الآن بين رأس الدولة وبين الولي الفقيه، أما تعتبر نظرية الولي الفقيه، والولي الفقيه ربما اجتهاد من الإمام الخوميني لم.. لم.. تكن قبله موجودة.

محمد حسين فضل الله: هي.. هي كما قلت، هي كانت موجودة ولاية الفقيه في الأبحاث الفقهية، وهناك بعض الفقهاء الكبار، ومنهم الشيخ محمد الحسن صاحب "الجواهر" كان يرى ولاية الفقيه، ولكن الإمام الخوميني أعطاها حركية وحيوية واستفاد من الظروف المحيطة به لتنفيذ اجتهاده في هذا المجال قضية الصراعات التي تحدث.. الاختلاف في الأفكار هذا أمر صحيح، وهذا قد يكون.. قد يرى بعض الناس أنه أمر يدل على عافية ولا يدل على مرض، لكننا في الشرق عادة.. الشرق عادة لا…

أحمد منصور [مقاطعاً]: لكن إفرازاته الطبيعية على حياة الناس وعلى الوضع السياسي تختلف، ليست .. ليس فيها عافية وإنما فيها مرض.

محمد حسين فضل الله: إن.. لا، هنالك عافية من ناحية هذا النوع من الحياة السياسية التي تتصارع فيها الاتجاهات و.. والأفكار بقطع النظر عن الإساءة في التطبيق، إحنا قلنا ها المعنى، لكنه عندما.. لكننا نحن في الشرق ولاسيما في العالم العربي لم نتعود على حياة سياسية، يعني بحيث يمكن أن يحصل هناك تنوع في الخطوط وفي الأفكار، هناك رأي واحد.

أحمد منصور: هنا الإشكالية هنا أن ليس هذا الذي يحدث هو سجال سياسي، وإنما هناك مرجعية شرعية يلتزم بها الجميع، هذه هي الإشكالية أما التنافس السياسي فيمكن أن يحدث في أي مجتمع.

محمد حسين فضل الله: لأ، هناك حتى المرجعية الشرعية ليست موحدة، وعلى ضوء هذا فإن من الطبيعي أن يختلف الناس حول ذلك، لأنه ليس…

أحمد منصور[مقاطعاً]: هل تعتقد

محمد حسين فضل الله [مستأنفاً]: ليس هناك من خلال نظرية ولاية الفقيه ليس هناك من يقول بأن الولي الفقيه معصوم.

أحمد منصور: لا يقولون هذا وإنما يتعاملون به تطبيقاً.

محمد حسين فضل الله: .. إن المسألة، ولا أظن أن هناك تعامل على نحو التطبيق إلا من خلال علاقة القضية بتنفيذ القانون، أنا لا أريد أن أدَّعي العصمة في التطبيق، ولا أريد أن.. أن أدافع عما يحدث، بل إنني.. بل لأنني أعتقد أن من الضروري جداً أن نتابع الأحداث في إيران و..

أحمد منصور: هل تطالب بإعادة النظر في نظرية أو في ولاية الفقيه؟

محمد حسين فضل الله: أنا لست.. يعني ليست المشكلة هي في ولاية الفقيه كيف تتحرك، المشكلة أنني أنا لا أرى ولاية الفقيه على أساس على الأساس الاجتهادي الفقهي، نعم

أحمد منصور: من أساسها.. من أساسها تختلف معها

محمد حسين فضل الله: إلا فيما لا يتوقف عليه حفظ النظام







Grand Ayatollah Sayed Fadlullah (ra) on Wilayat al-Faqih
Q: What is your opinion on Wilayat al-Faqih?

Ans: The opinion of His Eminence the Sayyid (Long may he live) is that the general guardianship of the jurist (Wilayat al-Faqih) is unfounded from the sources of law (Not found in Shia Islam), as for returning to a jurist that has all the condition in general and upholds the guidelines that are related to the interests of Islam and the Muslims; the interest will be to return to this person in regards to this side of affairs.


Istifta Office for H.E. Grand Ayatollah
Sayyid Muhammed Hussain Fadlallah

16th Sha'ban 1427


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