Apa itu Marja' ?

 Grand ayatullah sayyid Ali khamanei

 Grand ayatullah Ali al-sistani

 

 

  Grand Ayatullah Taqi Bahjat

Grand Ayatollah Saafi Gulpaygani

 

Title

Currently, marājiʿ are accorded the title Grand Ayatollah (Arabic/Persian: آية ‌الله العظمی Ayatollah al-Uthma), however when referring to one, the use of Ayatollah is not acceptable. Previously, the titles of Allamah^[1] and Imam^[2] have also been used.

Authority of marājiʿ

The marjaʿiyah of an ayatollah transpires when he becomes a celebrated figure in the hawza and his students and followers trust him in answering their questions, and ask him to publish his juristic book, the risālah ʿamalīyah—a manual of practical rulings arranged according to topics dealing with ritual purity, worship, social issues, business, and political affairs. The risālah contains an ayatollah's fatwas on different topics, according to his knowledge of the most authentic Islamic sources and their application to current life. Traditionally only the most renowned ayatollahs of the given time published a risālah, while today many ayatollahs of various illustriousness have published one, while some of the renowned ones have refused to do so.

Where a difference in opinion exists between the marājiʿ, each of them provides their own opinion and the Muqallid will follow his/her own marjaʿ's opinion on that subject.^[3] A mujtahid, i.e. someone who has completed advanced training (dars kharij) in the hawza and has acquired the license to engage in ijtihad (ʾijāz al-ʾijtihād) from one or several ayatollahs, is exempted from the requirement to follow a marjaʿ. One should note, however, that ijtihad is not always comprehensive and so a mujtahid may be an expert in one particular area of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and exercise ijtihad therein, but follow a marjaʿ in other areas of fiqh.

Several senior Grand Ayatollahs constitute the hawza, a religious institution. The hawza of Qom and Najaf are preeminent seminary centers for the training of Shia clergymen. However, there are other smaller hawzas in other cities around the world, such as Karbala in Iraq, and Isfahan and Mashhad in Iran. The two Ayatollahs who currently live in the West are Ayatollah Hassan Raza Ghadeeri as well as Ayatollah Mohammed Hussein Al-Ansari who lives in Sydney Australia.